Basic Comma Rules Reference Sheet

1. Separating Items in a List

Use commas to separate three or more items in a list.

Correct: I need eggs, milk, and bread.

Incorrect: I need eggs milk and bread.

2. Joining Independent Clauses

Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet) when joining independent clauses.

Correct: I love pizza, and my sister prefers pasta.

Incorrect: I love pizza and my sister prefers pasta.

3. Setting Off Introductory Elements

Use a comma after introductory words, phrases, or clauses.

Correct: However, we decided to watch a movie.

Incorrect: However we decided to watch a movie.

4. Separating Non-essential Information

Use commas to set off non-essential information.

Correct: My brother, who is 10 years old, loves soccer.

Incorrect: My brother who is 10 years old loves soccer.

5. Separating Coordinate Adjectives

Use commas between adjectives that can be reversed or separated by "and".

Correct: She wore a long, flowing dress.

Incorrect: She wore a red cotton dress. (No comma needed)

6. Dates, Addresses, and Numbers

Use commas to separate parts of dates, addresses, and large numbers.

Correct: July 4, 2024 | Portland, Oregon | 1,000,000

Incorrect: July 4 2024 | Portland Oregon | 1000000

7. Direct Address

Use commas to set off names or titles in direct address.

Correct: Yes, sir, I understand.

Incorrect: Yes sir I understand.

8. Quotations

Use a comma to separate a direct quotation from the rest of the sentence.

Correct: She said, "Let's go to the park."

Incorrect: She said "Let's go to the park."